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Phenomenon of Depersonalization: the Term of H.-F. Amiel in the Concepts of L. Dugas and P. Janet

https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2022-20-1-129-138

Abstract

The aim was to study a history of creation and interpretation of term «depersonalization» in French psychiatry.

Method: a narrative review.

Conclusion: as it was elucidated by the analysis of the texts of postmortem published diaries of Swiss philosopher H.-F. Amiel is encountered for the first time not in the notes dated from the 8th of July 1880, as it had been mentioned by Englishspeaking researchers of this phenomenon M. Sierra and G. Berrios, but much earlier in the notes from the 27th May 1857 concerning the impression that the “depersonated” music of Rihard Wagner made on the author of the diaries during the presentation of Tangeiser opera. The French psychologist L. Dugas firstly united déjà vu phenomenon with the experience of the alienation of mental acts (1894), but in four years (1898) when he used the term “depersonalization” for this experience considered depersonalization and déjà vu as different phenomena. L. Dugas put forward the hypothesis of affective origins of depersonalization, underlined psychological defensive sense of the phenomenon, but marked that the explanation of the alienation of mental acts by emotional apathy was not fully convincing. He did not agree with the position of Th. Ribot and P. Janet who ascribed depersonalization to the kind of obsessive disorders. For P. Janet the depersonalization was a characteristic stigma of psychasthenia, because of that firstly the psychasthenic premorbid character of the patients with depersonalization was described more comprehensively. Although P. Janet understood depersonalization as an affective disorder he considered it as a demonstration of psychasthenia, and predominantly explained the phenomenon by the abstract notion of “fundamental” disorder: “decreasing of the psychic tension”. L. Dugas and F. Moutier considered not only constitutional psychasthenics but also asthenics and other personalities whose emotions accidentally “dropped below the ordinary level” as predisposed to depersonalization.

About the Author

N. Yu. Pyatnitskiy
FSBSI Mental Health Research Centre
Russian Federation

Nikolay Yu. Pyatnitskiy, Cand. of Sci. (Med.)

Moscow



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Review

For citations:


Pyatnitskiy N.Yu. Phenomenon of Depersonalization: the Term of H.-F. Amiel in the Concepts of L. Dugas and P. Janet. Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya). 2022;20(1):129-138. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2022-20-1-129-138

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