Clinical and Biological Significance of Neuroinflammation Indicators to Predict the Course of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background: neuroinfiammation which occurs as a long-term latent activation of systemic infiammation in the central nervous system is currently considered as one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the neurodegeneration progression in the brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of study is to research the prognostic significance of clinical and immunological parameters determined in the blood serum of patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) and to form an immunological profile that determines the further dynamics of the syndrome. Patients and Methods: 261 outpatient with aMCI were followed up at the FSBSI “Mental Health Research Centre” in the period from 2014 to 2023. The study participants underwent a general clinical examination and assessment of cognitive functions using a battery of psychometric tests and scales (MMSE, MoCA, CDT, tests of 10 words and 5 geometric shapes memorization, the Hachinski ischemic scale). In addition, patients underwent an initial level of cytokines study (TNFa, IL-1, IL-1b, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) in blood serum by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA); the levels of leukocyte elastase enzymatic activity (LE) and α1-proteinase inhibitor functional activity were determined in blood plazma by the spectrophotometric method. The protease inhibitory index was calculated. Conclusion: the cytokines set and immune response indicators have been identified. The distinguishing levels of TNFa, IL-6, IL-1b, LE predict various variants of three year course of aMCI including the conversion to dementia.

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