The Relationship between Structural and Dynamic Features of Paraphilias and Personality Disorders of Dark Tetrad

Background: The Dark Tetrad (DT) is accompanied by moral, aesthetic and sexual dysfunctions. Sexual crimes represent a serious psychological and social problem that continues to be a devastating challenge. Childhood emotional abuse and family dysfunction, behavioral problems, and sexual abuse are common risk factors for the development of paraphilias (PA) in adulthood. The question of identifying the connection between the manifestations of DT and disorders of sexual preferences in adults remains relevant. The Aim of review was to study scienti c publications identifying the mutual connections between manifestations of the Dark Tetrad of personality and paraphilic interests. Materials and Methods: search and analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the problem was provided on the websites PubMed, PubMed Central and elibrary.ru using keywords DT, paraphilias. Pseudo Paraphilias were not considered in the review. Conclusions: the correlation between behavior in various paraphilias, DT traits, and impulsivity as predictors of involvement in paraphilic behavior was assessed using domestic and international publications. Men showed greater interest in all paraphilias except masochism. The most common are sadism, masochism and voyeurism. A reciprocal relationship was found between paraphilic interests and DT traits. High scores on Machiavellianism are associated with lower involvement in voyeurism, exhibitionism, and sadism. Psychopathy predicts frotteurism, transvestic fetishism, scatophilia, hebephilia, pedophilia, and zoophilia. Sadism predicts the development of fetishism. Narcissism positively predicts involvement in both exhibitionism and voyeurism. Functional impulsivity signi cantly correlates negatively with both exhibitionism and transvestic fetishism. Dysfunctional impulsivity is included in the study as a signi cant predictor of voyeurism, scatology, and urophilia. Manifestations of DT lead to the development of disorders of sexual preferences. When assessing individuals with DT characteristics, it is necessary to identify A patient history of sexual preferences.

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