Resourcefulness and Resilience Factors as Components of Compliance of Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients

Background: despite the significant number of studies devoted to the study of compliance and its role in the recovery process, existing assessment methods often demonstrate limited prognostic potential.

The aim of study: to investigate the specificity and differences of resourcefulness and resilience as factors of compliance in patients with qualitatively different mental disorders.

Patients and Methods: using the Resourcefulness for Recovery Inventory Scale, the Emotional Intelligence (EmIn) Questionnaire developed by D.V. Lyusin, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), 120 patients aged 18–25 years (mean age 22 ± 3.5 years) were examined. The sample was divided into four equal diagnostic groups: patients with neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40–F48), with emotionally unstable borderline personality disorder (F60.31), with schizophrenia (F20), with mental disorders and behavioral disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances (F10–F19). Statistical analysis was performed using the Welch criterion and correlation analysis (Spearman).

Results: significant differences were found between the groups in the level of resourcefulness and stability (RRI), emotional intelligence (EmIn) and alexithymia (TAS-20). Correlation analysis showed the presence of significant two-way relationships between emotional intelligence (EmIn) and factors contributing to recovery (RRI), as well as two-way positive correlations between the level of alexithymia (TAS-20) and the ability to recover (RRI).

Conclusion: it has been established that patients with neurotic disorders and borderline personality disorder have a higher ability for compliance and recovery compared to patients dependent on psychoactive substances and patients with schizophrenia. These results can be used in the elaboration of psychotherapeutic strategies aimed at increasing compliance and treatment effectiveness through the development of resourcefulness and emotional regulation.

1. Neznanov NG, Vid VD. The problem of compliance in clinical psychiatry. Psychiatry and psychopharmacotherapy Gannushkin Journal. 2004;4:159–162. (In Russ.).

2. Lobban F, Barrowclough C, Jones SA review of the role of illness models in severe mental illness. Clin Psychol Rev. 2003 Mar;23(2):171–96. doi: 10.1016/s0272-7358(02)00230-1 PMID: 12573669.

3. Tukaev RD, Kuznetsov VE, Moskalenko DA, Petrash NM. Evaluation of psychotherapy efficacy in neurotic level disorders; problems, restrictions, opportunities. Social and clinical psychiatry. 2013;23(3):92–98. (In Russ.)

4. Stentzel U, van den Berg N, Schulze LN, Schwaneberg T, Radicke F, Langosch JM, Freyberger HJ, Hoffmann W, Grabe HJ. Predictors of medication adherence among patients with severe psychiatric disorders: findings from the baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial (Tecla). BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1737-4 PMID: 29843676; PMCID: PMC5975380.

5. Velligan DI, Sajatovic M, Hatch A, Kramata P, Docherty JP. Why do psychiatric patients stop antipsychotic medication? A systematic review of reasons for nonadherence to medication in patients with serious mental illness. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2017;11:449–468. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S124658 PMID: 28424542; PMCID: PMC5344423.

6. Perkins DO, Gu H, Weiden PJ, McEvoy JP, Hamer RM, Lieberman JA; Comparison of Atypicals in First Episode study group. Predictors of treatment discontinuation and medication nonadherence in patients recovering from a first episode of schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, or schizoaffective disorder: a randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose, multicenter study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(1):106–13. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v69n0114 PMID: 18312044.

7. Sorokin MIu, Lutova NB, Wied VD. A role of motivation for treatment in the structure of compliance in psychopharmacologically treated patients. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2016;116(4):32– 36. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/jnevro20161164132-36

8. Babin SM, Vasil'eva AV, Shlafer AM. Compliance therapy (short-term cognitive-behavioral method) and treatment adherence in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry and psychopharmacotherapy Gannushkin Journal, 2012;1:9–16 (In Russ.).

9. Celinski MJ. The Dialectic Relationship between Resilience and Resourcefulness. In: Celinski MJ, Gow KM, eds. Continuity versus creative response to challenge. The primacy of resilience and resourcefulness in life and therapy. New York: Nova Science Publishers. 2011:105–120.

10. Celinski MJ. Framing Resilience as Transcendence & Resourcefulness as Transformation. In: Celinski MJ, Gow KM, eds. Continuity versus creative response to challenge. The primacy of resilience and resourcefulness in life and therapy. New York: Nova Science Publishers. 2011:11–30.

11. Celinski M, Gow K, Allen L. Resourcefulness in various psychopathological condition In:19th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society «Psychology & Health. Enhancing Individual, Family & Community Health»; August 30 — September 3, 2005; Galway — Ireland. doi: 10.1080/14768320500221275

12. Verdolini N, Vieta E. Resilience, prevention and positive psychiatry. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2021 Apr;143(4):281–283. doi: 10.1111/acps.13288 PMID: 33720387.

13. Angeler DG, Allen CR, Persson ML. Resilience concepts in psychiatry demonstrated with bipolar disorder. Int J Bipolar Disord. 2018;6(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s40345-017-0112-6 PMID: 29423550; PMCID: PMC6161999.

14. Kornilova TV, Shestova MA, Kornilov SA. Emotional intelligence, big five traits and emotional creativity in latent personality profiles. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology. 2021;11(2):123–136. (In Russ.). doi: 10.21638/spbu16.2021.201

15. Karle KN, Ethofer T, Jacob H, Brück C, Erb M, Lotze M, Nizielski S, Schütz A, Wildgruber D, Kreifelts B. Neurobiological correlates of emotional intelligence in voice and face perception networks. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2018;13(2):233–244. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsy001 PMID: 29365199; PMCID: PMC5827352.

16. Elipe P, Mora-Merchán JA, Ortega-Ruiz R, Casas JA. Perceived emotional intelligence as a moderator variable between cybervictimization and its emotional impact. Front Psychol. 2015;23(6):486. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00486 PMID: 25954237; PMCID: PMC4407507.

17. Pekaar KA, Bakker AB, van der Linden D, Born MPh. Self- and other-focused emotional intelligence: development and validation of the Rotterdam Emotional Intelligence Scale (REIS). Personality and individual differences. 2018;120:222–223. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.045

18. Lusin DV. Current views on emotional intelligence. In: Social intelligence: Theory, measurement, research. Eds. Lyusin DV, Ushakov DV. M. Institute of Psychology RAS. 2004. (In Russ.).

19. Eresko DB, Isurina GL, Kaidanovskaya EV, Karvasarsky BD, Karpova EB, Korepanova TG, Krylova GS, Tarkhan AU, Chekhlaty EI, Shifrin VB. Alexithymia and methods for its determination in borderline psychosomatic disorders. SPb. SPb NIPNI im. V.M. Bekhterev. 2005:25. (In Russ.).

20. Tukaev RD, Sryvkova KA. Predictors of positive-dialogue psychotherapy outcome in patients with anxiety and depression. Social and Clinical Psychiatry. 2024:34(1):52–67. (In Russ.). doi: 10.34757/0869-4893.2024.34.1.005

21. Tukaev RD, Kuznetsov VE. Cognitive-oriented psychotherapy in anxiety disorders: assessment in controlled trial. Social and Clinical Psychiatry 2015;25(2):56–65. (In Russ.).

22. Lusin DV. New method for measuring emotional intelligence: EmIN Questionnaire. Psychological diagnostics. 2006;(4):3–22. (In Russ.).

23. Fonagy P, Bateman A. Progress in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;188:1–3. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.105.012088

24. Sorin AV. Borderline personality disorder in an adolescent: experience in psychological counseling. [b. m.]: Publishing solutions. 2017:178. (In Russ.). ISBN 978-5-4490-0213-6