Cyberbullying as a form of digital aggression: psychosocial characteristics and mental health impact

Background: cyberbullying is one of the most prevalent forms of aggression in the digital environment, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Contemporary research demonstrates a direct association between involvement in cyberbullying and the development of a broad range of mental health disorders.

The Aim was to systematize scientific publications on the typology, prevalence, risk factors, and psychological consequences of cyberbullying.

Materials and Methods: a narrative review of 106 publications from 2015 to 2025 was conducted using the PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary databases. The review included original studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews focusing on the epidemiology, psychological and behavioral predictors, diagnostic methods, and mental health consequences of cyberbullying.

Results: cyberbullying demonstrates high prevalence rates, ranging from 2.8% to 57.5% across different populations. The primary risk factors for involvement include anxiety, depression, impulsivity, adverse family environments, and low levels of social support. The most severe consequences include depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicidal tendencies, and self-harming behavior. Diagnostic methods involve both self-report questionnaires (e.g., COASI, CATQ) and machine learning systems, including neural network models.

Conclusions: cyberbullying is a multifactorial psychosocial phenomenon with a significant impact on mental health. Effective prevention requires an interdisciplinary approach that includes digital literacy, social support, and early psychotherapeutic intervention.

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