Adynamia’s phenomenon up to the present day is appeared underinvestigated. There is no consistent point of view about its meaning in the structure of depression.Научные обзоры The aim was to present a review of national and foreign scientific publications of XX and XXI. There is observing the question of affective disorder’s differentiation and place of adynamic disorders in the structure of depression.Conclusion. With reference to analysis of investigated literature there are marked out the basic directions that are consolidating apparently contradictive investigator’s point of view on psychopathological features of adynamia’s phenomenon.

This paper analyzes the modern approaches to mental disorders in lung sarcoidosis. Problem of stress-provoked manifestation and exacerbation of sarcoidosis is briefly discussed. The prevalence and clinical features of each type of mental disorders (asthenia, depression, anxiety, personality disorders schizophrenia) in patients with sarcoidosis is provided. In the present study the possible impact of comorbid psychosomatic disorders on the course of sarcoidosis and the quality of life of patients are discussed. The relation between the clinical features of sarcoidosis and the prevalence of comorbid mental disorders is also discussed.

V.A. Giljarovskij’s description of the concept of psychopathies is analyzed, two sources of that clinical notion creation are delineated: the degeneration theory borrowed from the field of zoology, botany and anthropology and the notion of constitution borrowed for the psychiatry from the field of general medicine and biology. The criteria and understanding of psychopathic personalities in V.A. Giljarovskij’s and P.B. Gannushkin’s concepts are compared and the internal contradictions are revealed (the understanding of partiality/totality, severity/latency) and the difference in the requirements for the agelimits for the diagnosis.

The aim was to highlight some modern features and problems of teaching psychiatry at the stage of postgraduate education. It is based on the experience of Educational and methodical Department, formed in the FSBI «V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Тhe emphasis in educational programmes is on the acquisition of universal, professional and professional-specialized competences. It is a logical implementation of the educational modules (practical and theoretical) concerning the strategy of physician’s activity: psychiatrist, psychiatrist, forensic psychiatric expert. Increasingly popular is becoming the use of new information technologies in educational process.Conclusion. The solution of currently existing problems in the sphere of education is seen in the revision of the postgraduate training of doctors; the increasedlength of training; creating consistent training modules on the basis of modern achievements of scientific and technical progress; the training of specialists for every stage of medical care; the development of a differentiated system of quality control of educational services.

Background. The impact of stress factors on psychophysical development is very important due to their prevalence and psychosocial effects.The aim is to examine the impact on the mental development of the following psychogenic factors: parental deprivation, chronic family physical violence, prolonged family sexual violence.Methods. Clinical (pediatric, neurological, psychopathological) and other methods (psychological, instrumental).Population. The children (age from 2 months to 15 years) exposed to parental deprivation (98 persons), chronic physical (72 persons) and sexual abuse (60 persons).Results and conclusions: parental deprivation, chronic physical and sexual abuse are stress factors that cause mental dysontogenesis, including both non-specific psychiatric disorders observed in all three cases, and other types of psychogenic inherent in childhood, and specific disorders to the traumatic factor. The fact of having a significant psychosocial importance and stresses the urgency of this problem is the tendency to repetition of persons exposed to these psychogenic, experienced as a child in relation to their children and others during adulthood.

The urgency of the problem is determined by thelack of data on the prevalence, evolution of forms of autism in adolescence.The aim was to study the clinical and psychopathological features of autism spectrum disorders in adolescence to address rehabilitation and social events.The material of the study included 48 patients with autism spectrum disorders, who were divided into three groups according to ICD-10 and the typology of autism spectrum disorders: 1st - Kanner’s syndrome ( n = 15), 2nd - psychotic forms of autism ( n = 18), 3rd - Asperger’s syndrome ( n = 15).Methods. It was investigated the performance, allowed to estimate the severity of autism on a rating scale of children’s autism the CARS, the level of cognitive functioning by the test D. Wechsler, research thinking and personality characteristics.Results. It has been found that in determining the qualification of the forecast is a form of autism. The most favorable indicators were in the syndrome of Asperger and Kanner’s syndrome with adverse and psychotic forms. Prognostic criteria can be determined - the degree autization (CARS), the level of intelligence (IQ), thinking performance, personal characteristics and the presence of decompensation or comorbid disorders in puberty. Evolution of autistic syndromes should be considered from the age dynamics of the positions and preferably within the autistic continuum that should not be reflected on the change in diagnosis.Conclusion. Studying of clinical psychopathological, psychological and social characteristics of adolescents with autistic frustration showed that autism form is defining in qualification of the forecast.

Adherence antidementia treatment is a factor determines the effect of the treatment. The purpose of the study is to examine the factors influencing the formation of long-term commitment to the treatment of dementia.The study involved 214 individuals. They provide non-professional care for patients with dementia. The study used a psychometric, sociometric, statistical methods. It was found that the willingness of appropriate care depends on the quality of the relationship between the patient and the caregiver, family stability and the role structure, the level of identification of the symptoms of cognitive disorders.

The aim of study was to investigate the impact of PANSS «rescaling» on a number of statistical indices: reduction of the mean total score, regression coefficients of the mean total score dynamics, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve median and on statistical characteristics of Student‘s t-criterion.Materials and methods. The data, obtained during evaluation of antipsychotic efficacy of Solian (amisulpride), was used in the paper. A total of 46 patients with shift-like (27 patients) (F20.01, F20.02 on ICD-10) and paranoid (19 patients) (F20.0 on ICD-10) courses of schizophrenia received Solian. The duration of treatment made up 56 days. Mental status of patients was assessed on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th, 42nd, 49th, and 56th days. Clinical dynamics of the mental status of patients, characterized by the mean PANSS total score calculated under conditions of various graduation in comparison groups with shift-like and continuous paranoid courses of schizophrenia, was analyzed in this study. The analysis of the obtained data was performed by using statistical methods.Results. The analysis of impact of PANSS «rescaling» on indices revealed during its statistical processing under conditions of various approaches to ranging was performed. It was demonstrated that the mean PANSS total score reduction coefficient evaluated in S1-7 graduation substantially differed from that in S0-6 graduation. The slope coefficient did not depend upon the scale ranging inregression analysis, and the portion of regressionline, assessed according to S0-6, was smaller than that for S1-7 exactly by 30 points.It was established, that the Kaplan-Meier survival curves depended upon graduation, in which the mean total score was calculated.At the same time the type of graduation used for calculation of the mean total score did not influence the statistical indices, obtained according to Student’s t-criterion. Such results are explained by the type of transformation of initial random quantities: linear transformation of initial variables (coefficient of regression line slope and Student’s statistics) does not depend upon thetype of scale, and nonlinear transformations (reduction coefficient, the Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the portion of regression line) substantially depend upon the type of the used scale.Conclusions. The evaluation of antipsychotic effect of psychotropic medicine, using PANNS scale under conditions of change of its ranging from 1-7 to 0-6, revealed higher results of this efficacy. Ranging of scale from the initial 0 index may be recommended in cases, when it is known that for estimation scale, beginning from point 1, the investigated sign is absent.

Various authors have shown that highlevels of magical thinking is a symptom of schizophrenic disorder and a factor of predisposition to it. An urgent problem is the study of magical thinking in persons with mental pathology and study features of manifestation of magical thinking in health and disease.Objective: to test and adapt methods, widely used for the study of magical thinking, on the Russian-speaking population, which later will allow to explore the characteristics and influence of this parameter on the appearance, during, treatment and prevention of various disorders.Methods: method of «Determination of the level of magical thinking» (M. Eckblad and L.J. Chapman), method «Determining thelevel of anxiety» (Ch.D. Spilberg, Yu.L. Hanin), technique «Questionnaire constructive thinking» (S. Epstein, adaptation S. Leb- edev, S.N. Enikolopov), method «Determination of locus of control» (George Rotter, adaptation S.R. Panteleyev, V.V. Stolin), method«Determination of tolerance to uncertainty» (S. Badner, adaptation H.W. Soldatova and others).Conclusions. Adapted method of determining thelevel of magical thinking has a high reliability, consistency, high test-retest reliability, high criterion validity and is suitable for further exploration of the parameter of magical thinking.

Background. Observational studies take separate place in evaluation of the efficacy of modern therapy of old age dementias.The aim of the study was to investigate the results of use of Gliatilin for treatment of old age dementias under natural conditions of gerontopsychiatric practice within the framework of observational study.Material and methods. A total of 98 patients (63 males and 35 females; age median was 76 years) were examined by using non-selective method. The patients were hospitalized in psychogeriatric departments and they were treated with Gliatilin due to old age dementias (21 subjects with AD, 39 patients with mixed dementia, 37 cases with vascular dementia, and 1 patient with mild cognitive decline). In diagnostics and evaluation of the results of treatment with Gliatilin methods were used as follows: the clinical method, psychometric scales (MMSE, the clock drawing test), and Clinical global impression improvement scale. Gliatilin was prescribed in the form of intravenous infusions and per os within the framework of the course of anti-dementia treatment. The mean duration of treatment with Glitialin was equal to 4,7  3,4 months (M 5,0).Results. Improvement (moderate and minimal on Clinical global impression scale) in the state of patients during treatment with Gliatilin was noticed in 67,3% AD cases and in 86,7% VD cases. Clinical indices of improvement were confirmed with the increase of MMSE index on the average by 1 score in AD and by more than 2 scores in VD. Achievement of the improvement, or stabilization of state during treatment with Gliatilin of patients with dementias was possible at various degrees of its severity. Alongside with improvement of cognitive functioning reduction of psychopathological symptoms was detected, first of all, depressive and delirium- like confusion. During the treatment with Gliatilin no side effects of the drug were revealed.Conclusion. The use of Giatilin in the form of the course of intravenous infusions and per os is effective and safe in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, mixed dementias, and vascular dementia. The prescription of the drug at various degrees of dementia severity and in the presence of various non-cognitive disorders, including acute confusion states was substantiated.