Background: research on time trends in child mental health is needed to clarify the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to predict later developmental pathways. However, the results obtained in different countries may be relatively culture specific.

   The aim was to compare levels of child mental health in three comparable cohorts assessed with identical measures before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, taking age, gender and family sociodemographic characteristics into account.

   Participants and methods:: three cohorts of 2–14-year-old children from a large Siberian city were compared: 1436 (52 % boys) assessed in 2001–2004, 1508 (49 % boys) assessed in 2014–2017 and 1276 (52 % boys) assessed in 2020–2021. Parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire designed for a quantitative assessment of child and adolescent psychiatric problems and prosocial behaviour. Linear regression analyses examined cross-cohort changes by age and gender controlling for family composition, parental education and occupation.

   Results: from 2001 to 2021, levels of child psychiatric problems and their impact on daily functioning decreased, whereas levels of prosocial behaviour increased. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in levels of emotional symptoms and conduct problems and a decrease in levels of prosocial behaviour compared to the prepandemic period. Time trends in child mental health were similar for both boys and girls of different ages and did not depend on family composition or parental education and occupation.

   Conclusions: over 20 years, there were positive trends in child mental health; however, psychosocial stress during the pandemic was accompanied by negative changes. Further studies will need to clarify possible determinants of secular trends in Russian child mental health and different developmental pathways.

   Background: God’s abandonment in religious literature is defined as the loss of divine grace, the feeling of distance from God, abandonment by God, God’s departure from man, which is manifested in the weakening of divine support, often perceived as a period of spiritual crisis and accompanied by despair and heartache. At present, there are lack of a psychopathological and
clinical studies in the scientiашc literature concerning the phenomenon of God’s abandonment. This phenomenon is complex and little studied neither in the spiritual life nor in the context of clinical psychiatry. The phenomenon of God’s abandonment requires further research for proper diagnosis, choice of the correct treatment, psychotherapeutic support, and adequate tactics
of pastoral care.

   Objectives: identification of clinical and psychopathological features and structure of the phenomenon of God’s abandonment in order to determine the syndromal and nosological affiliation, prognosis issues and right choice of therapeutic tactics.

   Patients and methods: 35 patients (16 male and 19 female) aged 18–55 years (mean 39.8 ± 11.6), who had a sense of God’s abandonment in the clinical picture of endogenous depression and depression-delusional disorders, were examined. Clinical-psychopathologic, psychometric (HDRS, CRS, SAG) and statistical methods were used. As a control group, 5 male individuals who were monastic residents and were not in the psychiatrist’s ашeld of vision and not demonstrated obvious signs of psychiatric
disorders were examined. For this group, a retrospective analysis of the peculiarities of the phenomenon of God’s abandonment was carried out on the basis of the assessment of subjective and objective data.

   Results: the conducted research has revealed that the phenomenon of God’s abandonment is a special psychopathological symptom complex specific for the studied group of patients, regardless the syndromal or nosological affiliation. The main manifestation of this phenomenon is the religious
anesthesia (as the religious equivalent of anaesthesia psychica dolorosa) with the leading manifestations of the absence of sensations of religious feeling with the key experience of abandonment by God in close link with the other psychopathological disorders. Three types of conditions with the phenomenon of God’s abandonment have been identiашed: type 1 — depressions with the phenomenon of God’s abandonment and manifestations of affective delusion (22 patients, 62 %; 12 men, 10 women; mean age 43.4 ± 11.2 years) in the structure of affective psychosis; type 2 — acute psychotic states with the phenomenon of God’s abandonment and noncongruent delusional disorders (13 patients, 37 %; 4 men, 9 women; mean age 31.7 ± 8.2 years) in the structure of schizoaffective disorder or schizophrenia spectrum; type 3 — crisis of faith (5 men from the control group; mean age 40 ± 11.8 years) which is the psychological crisis with experience of God’s abandonment within the framework of personal development.

   Conclusion: the phenomenon of God’s abandonment can represent a range of psychological and psychopathological conditions: starting from spiritual psychological crisis up to wide range of psychiatric disorders: overvalued ideas, anesthetic and depersonalizing non-psychotic depressions, and delusional depressions or acute psychosis. The identiаfied types of states with the phenomenon of God’s abandonment had different diagnostic value.

   Background: schizophrenia-like psychosis with very late onset is one of the most common diagnostic group in late age mental disorders exclude dementia and depression with psychotic symptoms [1]. Geriatric psychiatrists discuss its similarity to neurodegenerative diseases and risk of dementia development in the outcome of disease.

   The aim was to study the clinical and psychopathological features of very late manifesting schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses and their impact on the course of the disease.

   Patients and methods: 45 patients were observed, the mean age was 70.6 ± 8.70 years. Patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, chronic delusional disorder and schizophrenia-like disorder, with onset after 60 years. Psychopathological and psychometric (PANSS, CDSS, HAMD, MoCA, MMSE) methods were used. Assessment was performed at the 0 day and at the 28^th day from the beginning of the treatment.

   Results: heterogeneity and different short-terms outcomes of acute psychosis were described depending on the clinical characteristics and predominant syndrome complex. In 15 cases (33 %) prevailed severe polymorphic psychotic symptoms of mental disorganization with formation of negative symptoms and cognitive impairment with decreasing social and daily activity. In 22 cases (49 %) dominated paranoid symptoms with old age persecutory delusions with formation of residual positive and negative symptoms. In 8 cases (18 %) prevailed affective and delusional symptoms. This group was characterized with high level of reduction of productive symptoms and restoration of premorbid social and daily activity.

   Conclusions: features of clinical characteristics, including the nature and severity of cognitive impairment at the onset of disease, are significant for prognosis and outcomes of disease. The data obtained could be served for the development of personalized therapeutic approaches that take into account the syndromic features and course of late-onset psychosis.

   Background: numerous studies indicate a high level of comorbidity of bipolar disorder with other psychiatric disorders. Alcohol dependence is one of the most common comorbid pathologies, along with anxiety disorders and personality disorders.

   Objective: determination of the frequency of comorbidity of BAR with alcohol dependence in patients of a specialized psychiatric hospital and identiашcation of clinical and dynamic features of BAR with this comorbidity.

   Patients and methods: in the psychiatric unit, 188 patients with bipolar disorder diagnosed according to ICD-10 (136 women and 52 men) were examined. The age of female patients was 41.6 ± 14.4 years, male — 39.4 ± 14.0 years. Depending on the current affective disorder, patients were distributed as follows: a depressive episode — 62.2 % (n = 117), a hypomanic episode — 2.7 % (n = 5), a manic episode (ME) — 1.6 % (n = 3), mixed episode — 33.5 % (n = 63). A comparative assessment of the clinical and dynamic characteristics of bipolar disorder was carried out in 2 groups of patients: with bipolar disorder and comorbid alcohol dependence — 30 individuals (14 women and 16 men), aged 43 years [29; 55] and without comorbidity with alcohol dependence — 59 individuals (39 women and 20 men), age 36 years [29; 50]. During the study, clinical-psychopathological, clinical-catamnestic, psychometric, statistical methods were used.

   Results and discussion: the level of comorbidity of bipolar disorder with alcohol dependence was determined — 15.9 %. It was found that in BD with comorbid alcohol dependence, compared with BD without alcohol dependence, patients have an early onset age of BD, more often have mixed episodes during an affective disorder. In addition, such patients have a higher risk of suicidal behavior, bipolar-I, and exacerbation of affective symptoms. It has also been shown that alcohol dependence makes it difficult to recognize bipolar disorder during the primary visit to specialized psychiatric care.

   Conclusion: addition of alcohol dependence to bipolar disorder affects negatively its main clinical and dynamic parameters and delays the terms of its diagnostics.

   Background: tinnitus is the perception of acoustic, phantom sounds in the ear and/or head in the absence of an external source. The prevalence of tinnitus is 5–15 % in the population. The occurrence of subjective noise may have a number of possible causes, but the causal relationship between psychiatric disorders and tinnitus remains insufficiently proven, according to previous studies.

   The aim was to study an acoustic phenomenon of the “ear/head noise” type, comparable with tinnitus symptomatology, in the absence of otorhinolaryngological, neurological, somatic pathologies.

   Patients and methods: the sample consisted of 12 patients (11 men, 1 woman, mean age 38 ± 8.5 years) who underwent complex psychopathological, pathopsychological, psychometric, otorhinolaryngological, neurological, and instrumental examinations, statistical. The patients met the diagnostic criteria of subjective tinnitus according to ICD-10 classification (code H93.1).

   Results: the psychopathological qualification of tinnitus in our observations corresponds to psychosensory disorders of the synesthesia type. In the most cases, the ear noise occurred against the background of already long-standing neurotic or overvalued hypochondria. Depending on clinical picture of ear noise, and features of the course of hypochondriacal disorder, the acoustic phenomenon of the “ear / head noises” type was revealed within four nosologies: hypochondriacal schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, cluster B personality disorder with the phenomenon of hypochondriacal diathesis, paranoid personality disorder with the phenomenon of overvalued hypochondria.

   Conclusion: the results of the present study, in spite of a limited number of observations, allow us (as a working hypothesis) to propose the following statement: the acoustic phenomenon of the “ear / head noise” type can manifest in psychiatric disorders (psychopathological phenomena of the hypochondriacal circle) duplicating the symptoms of tinnitus at clinical level which, are formed within otolaryngological, neurologicl and somatic pathology. Taking into account these clinical data, hypochondriacal formations appearing in the considered casuistic of the present study, having no base of otorhinolaryngology-related pathology, or internal organ pathology, can be qualified in accordance with the criteria presented in publication A. B. Smulevich et al. (2023) as a part of somatic paranoia. Further comprehensive study of this phenomenon is necessary for more accurate verification of the clinical criteria for differential diagnosis, increasing the efficiency of identifying the pathology under discussion, and determining rational methods of complex treatment, including psychopharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic modalities.

   Background: stress and trauma are important both for the development of PTSD and suicide, however, suicidal behavior in PTSD is not characterized enough.

   The aim of this narrative review is to present the latest and most evidence-based data on the relationship between suicidal behavior (in its wide range of manifestations — from suicidal thoughts and attempts to completed
suicide) with a psychiatric diagnosis of PTSD, or with individual symptoms of this disorder in different contingents.

   Materials and methods: data search was performed in PubMed and e-Library, as well as in relevant monographs, mostly evidence-based sources.

   Results: the data available strongly suggest that PTSD is not a priority, but a significant factor in an increased risk of suicide, especially in case of comorbidity with depression and addictions. The more a particular group is exposed to traumatic stress, the stronger the relationship between PTSD symptoms and suicidal behavior. The impact of PTSD on suicidality is largely mediated by the comorbidity and severity of psychosocial maladjustment that often accompanies PTSD. Dependence on a traumatic event and stress vulnerability are common links in the pathogenesis of PTSD, depression, and suicide.

   Conclusion: in clinical practice, the presence of a diagnosis or selected symptoms of PTSD is the reason for closer attention to the suicidal tendencies of the patient and the use of targeted prevention measures. On the population level, it is necessary to pay more attention to general hardiness and stress resilience.

   Backgrоund: impulsivity, as оne оf the key prоblems оf yоuth psychiatry, is becоming mоre and mоre widespread, which is assоciated with the steadily increasing cоntributiоn оf pathоlоgy оf this circle tо the structure оf mental disоrders.

   Оbjective: analysis of publications on the place of impulsivity in the structure of mental disorders, its clinical manifestations, connection with psychopathological formations, prognostic significance in relation to the further course and outcomes of mental disordres.

   Material and methоds: accоrding tо the keywоrds: “impulsivity”, “aggressiоn”, “adоlescence”, “depressive disоrder”, “schizоphrenic spectrum disоrders”, a search was cоnducted fоr publicatiоns in Medline/PubMed, Scоpus, Web оf Science, RSCI and оther sоurces.

   Cоnclusiоn: impulsivity is a multidimensiоnal phenоmenоn that has nо nоsоlоgical specificity, hоwever, it has a high pоtential hоpathоlоgical symptоms. Impulsivity is clearly cоrrelated with a mоre severe clinical cоurse оf mental disоrders and with unfavоrable оutcоmes. The lack оf veriашed data оn the pathоgenesis оf impulsivity, its cоnnectiоn with оther syndrоmic fоrmatiоns: affective, pоsitive, negative, disоrganizatiоn, determines the need fоr additiоnal study оf the phenоmenоn оf impulsivity, as well as its cоnnectiоn with aggressiоn.

   Background: heterogeneity of schizophrenia is reflected in the variety of clinical manifestations and biological disorders, on the basis of which several neurochemical hypotheses are formulated for schizophrenia pathogenesis. Review of the current hypotheses of schizophrenia pathogenesis shows that oxidative stress is not the main cause of the disease development, but affects its course and contributes to the deterioration of the patient’s condition.

   Objective: analysis of the relationships between redox imbalance and oxidative stress and the development of pathological processes in schizophrenia within the framework of neurochemical hypotheses of the disease pathogenesis.

   Material and methods: a search was made for sources in the Medline/PubMed databases, Scopus and RSCI using keyword combinations “oxidative stress”, “oxidation-reduction imbalance”, “schizophrenia”, “hypotheses of schizophrenia pathogenesis”, “antioxidants”, “neurotransmitters”, “glutathione”, “neuroinflammation”.

   Conclusion: data from numerous studies of the brain of patients with schizophrenia, their blood plasma, serum, and blood cells as well as the study of animal models of schizophrenia indicate the presence of redox imbalance and oxidative stress in this disease. Taken together, these data indicate that genetic and environmental factors that affect the manifestation of various pathological mechanisms in schizophrenia (disturbances in neurotransmitter systems, hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, neuroinflammation, impaired signaling protein phosphorylation pathways) lead to the oxidative stress, enhancing the initial pathological changes, as a result of which synchronization processes and intercellular communications in the brain become disrupted. Medicines with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, compounds for correcting mitochondrial dysfunction, and NMDAR-mediated signaling modulators can be used as drugs to reduce the harmful effects of oxidative stress. The efficacy of these medicines may vary in different patients, so the development of biomarker systems aimed at identifying individuals who are more likely to respond to a particular drug is of great importance.

   Background: stress and depressive mood swings among adolescents have a serious influence in the later part of life. It is necessary to analyse the problems of adolescents in order to create psychologically strong society.

   The aim of study was to investigate the driving factors of stress and instable mood in adolescents.

   This also helped to reveal the educational and social barriers of adolescents. Research hypothesis: stress and depressive mood swings in adolescents mostly occur due to events in their habitual places, such as schools, public places, and family.

   Patients and methods: the primary data of the study was obtained from 138 school student adolescents. The gathered data of semi-structured questionnaire was analysed, using Quantitative Research Methodology, SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science), statistical tests, like Correlation, ANOVA, and Descriptive statistics.

   Results: disasters of stress and depressive mood swings affect the lifestyle of adolescents. The study suggested that the family environment and academic problems were the vital psychological factor affecting the adolescents. Avoiding negative thoughts helps to increase one’s self esteem. Education improves the involvement in socialising.

   Conclusion: involvement of parents in education process contributes to create positive family environment, which in turn helps to identify solutions for improving one’s self esteem. Concentration on severe disasters of stress and depressive mood swings among adolescents facilitates the creation of a strong psychological society.