Objective: study of Paroxetine clinical impact while treating elderly depressed in-patients of Mental health research centre.

Patients and methods: study concerned in-patients older than 50 years with depression in accordance to depressive episode defined by ICD-10. The severity of depression according to Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-17) was at least 14 points. The study was open, non-comparative, and lasted for 28 days. The clinical psychopathological and psychometrical methods with standard scales (HAMD, HAMA, CGI) were used. The study concerned 40 patients aged from 50 to 77 years old (middle age — 62 y.o.). The severity of depression before therapy according to HAMD scale was 19,6 points, the anxiety extent according to HAMA was 15 points.

Results: 31(77,5%) patients completed the study. 6 patients (15,0%) stopped the study because of ineffectiveness, and 3 patients withdrawn because of adverse events (7,5%). The therapy efficiency was 63,3% according to HAMD scale at the end of the treatment and 63,5% according to HAMA. The number of responders according to HAMD was 78,4%. Reduction of anxious and depressive symptoms was observed by the end of first week of therapy. The effectiveness of therapy decreased in case of cognitive and hypochondriac disorders. Cognitive indicants improvement and high tolerability were observed. Some light gastrointestinal symptoms were stated as adverse events.

Conclusion: paroxetine is an effective antidepressant medication for anxious depressions treatment in elderly.

Background: The study of the syndrome of possession with religious content (SPRC) in schizophrenia is associated with certain difficulties, such as insufficient study and low recognition of these conditions. These disorders appear to be very severe due to existing social risk and certain resistance to psychopharmacotherapy.

The aim: to conduct clinical and psychopathological differentiation of SPRS in schizophrenia, based on psychopathological features and pathogenesis of the syndrome, to develop personalized criteria for diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Patients and methods: a total of 36 patients suffering from the SPRS in schizophrenia (F20.0, F20.01, F20.02 according to ICD-10) were examined. The research methods were used in the study: clinical-psychopathological, follow-up, and psychometric (PANSS) methods.

Results: syndrome of possession with religious content SPRC is persistent delusional patient's conviction in the impact on him carried out by some immaterial «spiritual entity», which involves control under his/her mind and body, and leads to total transformation of personality. SPRS is psychopathologically complex and polymorphic formation and is developed according to the laws of the Kandinsky-Clerambault syndrome. Due to psychopathological features two different types of this syndrome were identified: internal (type 1) and external (type 2). Differentiation of these forms was based on difference in character of affection's sense noted by patients (invading or from the outside).

Conclusion: two types of SPRS have different clinical and social prognosis and are observed in different progressive forms of schizophrenia.

Background: analysis of the long-term course and outcomes of youth schizophrenia is still an actual problem.

Objective: determination of clinical-psychopathological features of the condition of patients with youth schizophrenia in the long-term follow-up study.

Patients and methods: presents the results of the long-term follow-up study of 320 patients with youth schizophrenia first applied in the PND N1 in Moscow from 1990 to 1994. Follow-up was 20-25 years. Clinical and psychopathological, follow-up, epidemiological and statistical methods, and also a psychometric method (PSP) were applied. Results: three types of follow-up outcomes were found. The first type with a predominance of personality dynamics (49,4%) included three variants: 1) predominance of the «primary defect» in the form of exaggeration of personality traits (18,1%); 2) predominance of the «primary defect» in the form of distortion or transposition of personality traits (10,0%); 3) the amalgamation of productive disorders in the structure of the «primary defect» (21,3%). The second type (24,7%) with actual negative disorders included states with the dominance of deficiency symptoms (14,1%) and states with the dominance of pseudo-organic symptoms (10,6%). The third type (25,9%) with relevant positive and negative disorders included cases with the isolated existence of productive and negative disorders («fragments psychotic») (10,0%) and states with active psychotics (15,9%).

Conclusions: the found types of long-term follow-upoutcomes were associated with social and labor functioning of patients.

Background: depression along with cognitive impairment is one of the most common non-motor psychopathological symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), however, the problem of nosological differentiation and typology of affective disorders in PD is still unresolved. The goal: of this study is the investigation of psychopathological and nosological differentiation of depression in PD with the determination of the mode of association between affective and neurological disorders.

Patients and methods: the research was conducted at the Clinic of Nervous Diseases named after A.Ya. Kozhevnikov of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University). 28 patients (22 women, 6 men; mean age 64.4±9.4 years) with verified diagnoses of depression and PD were enrolled in the study. For assessment of depression we used Hamilton Depression Scale (HADS-21), for assessment of cognitive functions were used a brief neuropsychological examination of the cognitive sphere (KNOKS) and a brief mental status assessment scale (MMSE). Neurological examination was provided with unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS).

Results: a clinical typology of depression in PD, considering the patterns of formation and the association between affective and neurological disorders, has been proposed. Two types of depressive disorders were identified, each of which included two clinical subtypes: (I) depression directly associated with the onset of PD, including (1) nosogenic and (2) organic subtypes; and (II) depressions manifesting independently of PD, including (3) reactive and (4) endogenous subtypes. In addition, a special group of endoform depressive states have been identified.

Conclusion: as the result of this study, the clinical and nosological heterogeneity of depression in PD was established, psychopathological structure of depressive episodes and the pattern of interaction between affective disorder and PD were determined. These findings expand the possibility of differential diagnosis, the determination of an individual prognosis and selection of personalized therapy.

Aim of the study: to identify clinical and psychopathological features, conditions of formation and the course of juvenile endogenous psychoses with a religious delusion.

Patients and methods: 95 patients (62 male and 33 female) aged 16 to 25 years with diagnosis of attack-like psychosis with religious delusions were examined (F20, F25 according to ICD-10). Clinical, psychopathological, clinical-follow-up and psychometric methods where used. 53 patients (37 male и 16 female) were included in clinical group and 42 (25 male и 17 female made up follow-up group (mean follow-up period 7,4 ± 2,3 years).

Results: the formation of residual delusions with religious content and personality disorders is noted with greater frequency after a psychotic episode with a religious delusions. It was possible preservation or formation, in the case of its absence before the onset of the disease, of traditional religiosity, as well as complete reduction of the religious worldview at the stage of remission in patients who was not interested in religion before the manifestation of psychosis. Conclusion: the demon obsession delusion in psychotic episode is unfavorable prognostic factor.

Aims of the study: the identification the clinical, features and pathogenetic patterns of remission formation after a first psychotic episode in adolescence, the development of prediction criteria for the future course of the disease.

Patients: 56 male patients aged 16-25 years who have had a manifest endogenous psychotic attack that meets the criteria of schizophrenia (F20) or schizoaffective psychosis (F 25) according to ICD-10. Methods: psychopathological, dynamic observation (observation time up to 3 years).

Results: three stages of remission formation after suffering a first psychotic attack in adolescence were highlighted: (1) reduction and modification of the leading psychotic symptoms; (2) stabilization of mental functions; (3) the stage of reintegration of mental functions. A prospective study allowed us to identify four variants of stabilization of mental functions. It was found that the proportion of patients with established remission was 77%.

Conclusion: the most significant predictive phenomena are postpsychotic depression, residual psychopathological symptoms, pseudoneurotic and deficitaire disorders.

Background: the study of the pathopsychological features of the mental activity of patients with various types of manic-paraphrenic conditions (MPS) within the endogenous attack-like psychosis. to clarify the severity of negative personality changes and to determine prognostic significance. The obtained data allow us to objectively evaluate the parameters of mental activity and to study the pathopsychological mechanisms of the development of manic-paraphrenic types.

Objective: assess the severity of negative personality changes based on an analysis of the pathopsychological characteristics of mental activity in patients with various typological varieties of manic-paraphrenic syndrome developed in endogenous paroxysmal psychosis. Patients and methods: 42 patients (all women aged from 18 to 50 years) with manic-delusional and manic-paraphrenic attacs in endogenous psychosis (F20.01, F20.02, F25, F31.2 according to ICD-10) were examined with pathopsychological methods. According to the results of the clinical and psychopathological study, 2 typological varieties of MPs were identified: I — with a predominance of acute sensory delirium of perception (13 patients); II — with a predominance of poorly systematized interpretative delirium (19 patients). A group of comparison with manic-delusional states with delusions of grandeur (10 patients) was studied. The results of the study were compared with the relevant indicators in control group of healthy subjects of the same age and sex (50 people).

Results: the clinical and psychological study of patients with different types of manic-paraphrenic syndrome showed significant differences in the quality and pace of changes in mental processes, and in personal characteristics. This reflects a different degree of progression of paroxysmal endogenous psychoses and severity of negative symptoms. Noted heterogeneity significantly depends on the nature and severity of productive disorders, difficult to interact with the characteristics of personal dynamics of patients.

Conclusions: the found correlations of clinical and pathopsychological factors increase the significance of the pathopsychological method in the field of objectifying the study of these disorders and determine the urgent need to incorporate pathopsychological analysis into joint interdisciplinary research.

Background: p-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its proteolytic fragments have important physiological functions in nervous system. Literature data suggests that APP metabolism may be impaired in schizophrenia. Aim of study: to compare concentration of platelet APP forms in patients with schizophrenia and in control group.

Material and methods: 14 patients (19-35 years old) with acute paranoid schizophrenia (ICD-10 F20.0) and 14 normal controls (20-36 years old) were included to analyse concentration of platelet APP forms by ECL-immunoblotting. Blood was collected before starting antipsychotic therapy. Net intensity was measured for zones corresponding to 130 kDa (zone 1), 110 kDa (zone 2) and 100 kDa (zone 3), and {zone 1/(zone 2 + zone 3)} ratio was calculated.

Results: intensity of zone 1 was significantly reduced in patients compared with controls (р = 0,0001), its proportion comprised 9,7% of all detected APP forms (vs 29,2% in controls). {zone 1/(zone 2 + zone 3)} ratio was also reduced in patients compared with controls (р = 0,00003). Significant negative correlations of zone 1, zone 2, and {zone 1/(zone 2 + zone 3)} with age were present in patients: R = -0,68, р = 0,007, R = -0,77, р = 0,001, R = -0,55, р = 0,04, respectively, but these links were absent in control group. Negative correlation between {zone 1/(zone 2 + zone 3)} and PANSSpsy score was found in patients: R = -0,57, р = 0,035.

Conclusion: concentration of distinct APP forms in platelets of patients with schizophrenia and their ratio are altered. Considering the regulatory activity of APP fragments in nervous system and revealed changes in APP metabolism, further research is needed on APP role in schizophrenia.

Introduction: currently, it is proved that the pathogenesis of schizophrenia is associated with the formation of chronic foci of aseptic inflammation (neuroinflammation) in the brain of patients. It is also known that chronic neuroinflammation quickly turns into systemic inflammation. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier impaired. Proinflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory factors release into the blood. Systemic inflammation leads to activation of all cells of the immune system and blood platelets. Activation of platelets is accompanied by а generation of a large number of procoagulant platelet-derived microparticles, which can cause an increase in blood clotting.

Objective: to identify the impairments of thrombodynamic coagulation parameters in adults and children suffering from different forms of schizophrenia in the acute stage. Patients: the study included 3 groups of patients with schizophrenia with different type of course. Group 1: 79 patients with attack-like or progredient attack-like type of schizophrenia; group 2: 28 patients with schizotypal disorder; group 3: 28 patients with child schizophrenia.

Methods: to determine the coagulation parameters, the Thrombodynamics method (TD) was used on the thrombodynamics device T-2 according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the device (Hemacore, Moscow, Russia).

Results: the presence of spontaneous clots was shown in all three groups of patients. The analysis of the results of TD was carried out. For group 1 shows a significant increase of parameters Vi, Vst, V and CS. The Tsp parameter is significantly lower than normal values. For the second group, the 3 parameters, such as Vst, V and Tsp, differ significantly from the normal values. Velocity indicators are significantly higher than the norm, Tsp — below the norm. For the third group, parameters Vi, Vst, V and CS are statistically significantly higher than normal. Tsp is statistically significantly lower than normal.

Conclusion: Using the thrombodynamics test (TD) it was shown that there is a hypercoagulation of blood plasma accompanied by the generation of spontaneous clots in patients with schizophrenia in the acute stage. The TD test reveals a tendency to hypercoagulation at an early stage, when other methods are not yet sensitive enough.

The aim of review: to present the evolution of views of domestic and foreign researchers on hysterical disorder structure and its pathway in endogenous diseases.

Method: The keywords "hysterical symptoms; depression; psychopathology; dissociative and conversion disorders; schizophrenia; endogenous diseases were used to source the publications about the problem in Pubmed/ MEDLINE and others databases in last 10 years.

Results: various definitions of this phenomenon were presented as well as attempts to determine its place among other psychopathological symptoms, including consideration of the issue of the pathogenetic model currently not having a precise justification. The following basic directions were singled out in the scientific development of the problem: (1) consideration of hysterical disorders as an independent heterogeneous syndrome; (2) studying of a distinct clinical pathomorphosis over the last century; (3) differentiation of hysterical manifestations in the structure of diseases of the affective and schizophrenic spectrum; (4) the problem of differentiation of hysterical symptoms with comorbid diseases.

The aim: to present a review of all reports given at the section of suicidology during the XVI European Congress of Psychology in Moscow, 2-5 July 2019.

Results: the essential models of the origins and development of suicidal behavior are presented in reports. The biological, psychological and social risk factors are reviewed, as well as countertransference reactions of the specialists, which help detecting acute suicidal risk. Russian and foreign models of suicidal behavior are compared briefly. Links to web-sites of organizations, which the speakers represent, are given as well as the link to speakers' articles that were published in the Congress book of abstracts.

Conclusion: review of Congress materials provides insight into the contemporary approaches to prevention, intervention and postvention of suicidal behavior.